![]() The NiTi ProTaper file system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) is a relatively new endodontic rotary canal preparation technique. The development of new design features such as varying tapers, non-cutting safety tips and varying length of cutting blades in combination with the metallurgic properties of NiTi alloy has resulted in a new generation of instruments ( 7). The introduction of nickel titanium, or NiTi rotary instrumentation has made endodontics easier and faster than hand instrumentation, resulting in consistent and predictable root canal shaping ( 6). Various instrumentation techniques and instruments have been introduced in an attempt to reduce these problems aiming to provide the optimum shaped preparation ( 5). These complications may compromise the long-term success of treatment by failing to eliminate infection of the root canal system and making obturation more difficult. Many reports have described the tendency of root canal preparation techniques to cause canal transportation and other procedural problems such as ledging, apical perforation, and mid-root strip perforation. The quality guide line of the European Society of Endodontology states that the elimination of residual pulp tissue, the removal of debris and the maintenance of the original canal curvature during enlargement are the main objectives of root-canal instrumentation ( 4). Canal shaping is relatively easy in straight roots but has always been challenging, demanding a high skill, when performed in curved roots ( 3). ![]() The nature of canal dimensions, shape, and curves as well as the physical properties of instruments prevents the possibility of a uniform, tapered, flowing preparation ( 2). Once the canal is prepared, it should have a uniformly tapered funnel shape ( 1). Canal shaping is a critical phase of endodontic treatment because it influences the outcome of the subsequent phases of canal irrigation and filling and the success of the treatment itself.
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